Penang Hokkien Phonetic Table

Penang Hokkien Phonetic Table provides you audio-on-demand on the basic sounds in the language, based on IPA symbols. Each set is articulated in the four tones: 1, 2, 3 and 4. Tone 33 is the same as tone 3, and is therefore not articulated separately.

a
e
ɛ
i
o
ɔ
u

a
e
ɛ
i
o
ɔ
u

initials

b+IPA
ba
be
bɛ
bi
bo
bɔ
bu

g+IPA
ga
ge
gɛ
gi
go
gɔ
gu

h+IPA
ha
he
hɛ
hi
ho
hɔ
hu

k+IPA
ka
ke
kɛ
ki
ko
kɔ
ku

l+IPA
la
le
lɛ
li
lo
lɔ
lu

m+IPA
ma
me
mɛ
mi
mo
mɔ
mu

n+IPA
na
ne
nɛ
ni
no
nɔ
nu

p+IPA
pa
pe
pɛ
pi
po
pɔ
pu

s+IPA
sa
se
sɛ
si
so
sɔ
su

t+IPA
ta
te
tɛ
ti
to
tɔ
tu

dz+IPA (j-)
dza
dze
dzɛ
dzi
dzo
dzɔ
dzu

ts+IPA (c-)
tsa
tse
tsɛ
tsi
tso
tsɔ
tsu

ts^h+IPA (ch-)
ts^ha
ts^he
ts^hɛ
ts^hi
ts^ho
ts^hɔ
ts^hu

k^h+IPA (kh-)
k^ha
k^he
k^hɛ
k^hi
k^ho
k^hɔ
k^hu

p^h+IPA (ph-)
p^ha
p^he
p^hɛ
p^hi
p^ho
p^hɔ
p^hu

IPA+ʔ (-k)
aʔ
eʔ
ɛʔ
iʔ
oʔ
ɔʔ
uʔ

IPA+k (-k)*
ak
ek
ɛk
ik
ok
ɔk
uk

IPA+s
as
es
ɛs
is
os
ɔs
us

IPA+t
at
et
ɛt
it
ot
ɔt
ut

m
ã
ɛ̃
ĩ

p+nasal+IPA
pã
pɛ̃
pĩ

ĩ+IPA
ĩa
ĩɛ

IPA+ŋ
aŋ
eŋ

iŋ

ɔŋ

ŋ+IPA
ŋa
ŋe
ŋɛ
ŋi

ŋɔ
ŋu

* The final letter "-k" is used to spell the glottal stop (ʔ) and the velar stop (k). In syllables where ambiguity may arise, the velar stop is spelled with -rk or other letters. In this writing system, "-h" is used as the pseudo-fricative, never as a glottal stop.

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Dear visitor, thank you so much for reading this page. My name is Timothy Tye and my hobby is to find out about places, write about them and share the information with you on this website. I have been writing this site since 5 January 2003. Originally (from 2003 until 2009, the site was called AsiaExplorers. I changed the name to Penang Travel Tips in 2009, even though I describe more than just Penang but everywhere I go (I often need to tell people that "Penang Travel Tips" is not just information about Penang, but information written in Penang), especially places in Malaysia and Singapore, and in all the years since 2003, I have described over 20,000 places.

While I try my best to provide you information as accurate as I can get it to be, I do apologize for any errors and for outdated information which I am unaware. Nevertheless, I hope that what I have described here will be useful to you.

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