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Kolkata (কলকাতা, Calcutta)

The famous Flower Market in KolkataThe famous Flower Market in Kolkata.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Flower_market_in_Kolkata#mediaviewer/File:KolkataFlowerMarket.JPG
Author: Arne Hückelheim
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Kolkata (Bengali: কলকাতা, formerly Calcutta) is the third biggest metropolitan area in India. It is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. The city is located on the east bank of the Hooghly River. It served as the capital of India during the era of the British Raj from 1702, when the British completed Fort William, until 1912, when the capital was relocated to New Delhi.

Nivedita Setu Bridge, KolkataNivedita Setu Bridge, as seen from Bally Bridge, Kolkata
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bridges_in_Kolkata#mediaviewer/File:Nivedita_Setu_as_seen_from_Bally_Bridge.jpg
Author: Arpanhmr
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Today the Kolkata metropolitan area has a population of over 15 million people, making it the third biggest metropolitan in India behind the National Capital Region and the Mumbai Metropolitan Region. It is also 8th biggest metropolitan area in population in the world. The Kolkata proper is the 7th largest city in India behind Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad and Chennai.

Victoria Memorial, KolkataVictoria Memorial, Kolkata
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Victoria_Memorial_Hall_00666.JPG
Author: Biswarup Ganguly
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Many of the palatial public buildings that are standing in Kolkata today were the work of Richard Wellesley, the Governor General of Calcutta from 1797 to 1805. Calcutta was the centre for opium trading of the British East India Company in the 18th and 19th centuries. The local company that traded in opium, J. Thomas & Company, is still in Kolkata today, albeit having evolved into the largest auctioneer of tea in the world.

The name of Kolkata has always been Kolkata or Kolikata in the Bengali language, although the British anglicized it to Calcutta. The official English name Calcutta survived until 2001 when the name Kolkata was officially adopted.

Kolkata street sceneKolkata street scene
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quality_images_of_Kolkata#mediaviewer/File:Street_scene,_Kalighat,_Kolkata_02.jpg
Author: Bernard Gagnon
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Kolkata enjoys a tropical climate with wet and dry months. The hottest months are May and June, when the maximum temperature can rise to above 40°C. The coolest months are December and January, with temperature around 9° to 11°C. Kolkata gets heavy rainfall from the Southwest Monsoon, which lashes the Bay of Bengal from June to September, with heaviest rains expected in August.

Planning your trip to Kolkata

Kolkata is served by the Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport which receives domestic as well as international flights. The airport is located some 20 km from downtown Kolkata. You reach the city, you would take a prepaid taxi which costs around Rs. 150-250 depending on your destination.

One of the galleries of the Indian Museum in KolkataOne of the galleries of the Indian Museum in Kolkata
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Musty_showcases_kol.jpg
Author: Nomad Tales
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Planning your travel within Kolkata

By Taxi
There is an army of yellow Ambassador taxis plying the streets. They would be your first choice of transport. The fare starts at Rs. 22. To reach the taxi meter, multiply what you see with 10 and then add 2. So if the meter shows 10, the fare is 10x2+2= Rs22. You can call a taxi at the following numbers:

Orix: (033) 4422 2222
Megacabs: (033) 4141 4141

By Trams
Kolkata is the only city in India that still has a running tram system. It is in fact the oldest electric tram in Asia. You would take it today more for its novelty than for practical purposes.

Kolkata MetroKolkata Metro
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kolkata_Metro#mediaviewer/File:Kolkata_Metro.jpg
Author: Naikshweta747
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By Metro
Kolkata is the first city in India with a subway system, albeit there's only one line that runs north to south through the city. The fare is between Rs4 to RS8 depending on distance. Work in progress to extend the line further south, and to build a new east-west line.

Places of Interest in Kolkata

  1. St John's Church
    The first church to be built by the British in Kolkata.

  2. Memorial to the Black Hole Tragedy
    Memorial to those who died in the Black Hole of Calcutta - actual site is now the present General Post Office.

  3. Nilhat House
    Tea auction centre of Kolkata.

  4. College Street
    The heart of Bengal intellectural life, with pavement stalls selling textbooks, exam guides, classics and second-hand books.

  5. Nakhoda Mosque
    The largest mosque in Kolkata.

  6. Armenian Church of St Nazareth
    Church built by Armenian traders in Kolkata in 1724.

  7. Maidan
    400-hectare (988-acre) parkfrrom the Hooghly River in the west to Chowringhee in the east.

  8. Fort William
    A squat, irregular octagonal fort built in 1781. Since it is still used by the military, it is not open to the public.

  9. Burmese Pavilion
    Pavilion brought here by Lord Dalhousie from Prome in Myanmar in 1854.

  10. Shahid Minar
    48-meter high fluted Doric column, originally built as a memorial to Sir David Ochterlony.

  11. Victoria Memorial
    The most famous landmark of Kolkata, erected by Lord Curzon, the most flamboyant viceroy of British India.

  12. St Paul's Cathedral
    Cathedral built in 1847, modelled after Britain's Canterbury Cathedral.

  13. Chowringhee
    The most fashionable promenade in Kolkata, now named Jawaharlal Nehru Road.

  14. Oberoi Grand
    Luxury hotel housed in the elegant Victorian style building erected in the 1870's.

  15. New Market
    Market and bazaar in Kolkata.

  16. The Asiatic Society Museum and Library
    Society with museum holding some 60,000 old and rare manuscripts.

  17. Indian Museum
    Oldest and largest museum in India.

  18. Mother House
    Headquarters of the Missionaries of Charity founded by the late Mother Teresa.

  19. Park Street Cemetery
    Final resting place of 18th and 19th century Europeans in Kolkata .

  20. Alipore
    Kolkata's most fashionable suburb.

  21. Alipore Zoological Gardens
    Zoo established in 1875 with large collection of birds and mammals.

  22. National Library
    The largest library in India, with over 2 million books and manuscripts.

  23. Agri Horticultural Society
    Botanical garden established in 1820 to develop and promote agriculture and horticulture in India.

  24. Kalighat
    The oldest pilgrimage site in Kolkata with the Kali Temple.

  25. Nirmal Hridaya (Pure Heart)
    Home for the destitute established by Mother Teresa.

  26. Tangra
    New Chinatown of Kolkata with Chinese restaurants and shoe shops.

  27. Marble Palace
    Mansion built in 1835 by wealthy landowner Raja Rajendra Mullick.

  28. Jorasanko
    Ancestral home of Rabindranath Tagore and a centre of art and culture in Bengal.

  29. Kumartuli (Area of the Potters)
    A district of alleyways where the images of Hindu deities are made.

  30. Buro Shiva
    Old Shiva temple near Kumartuli, probably the only extant terracotta temple in Kolkata.

  31. Howrah Bridge
    Now called Rabindra Setum, this is the famous landmark of Kolkata across the Hooghly River.

  32. Botanical Gardens
    Gardens in the Shibpur suburb of Howrah established in 1787, today housing a fantastic collection of flora.

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Hello and thanks for reading this page. My name is Timothy and my hobby is in describing places so that I can share the information with the general public. My website has become the go to site for a lot of people including students, teachers, journalists, etc. whenever they seek information on places, particularly those in Malaysia and Singapore. I have been doing this since 5 January 2003, for over twenty years already. You can read about me at Discover Timothy. By now I have compiled information on thousands of places, mostly in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore, and I continue to add more almost every day. My goal is to describe every street in every town in Malaysia and Singapore.
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