Sungai Petani (GPS: 5.64195, 100.48954; Jawi: سوڠاي ڤتاني) is the second biggest city in Kedah, after the capital Alor Setar. It is popularly known as S.P. Located to the south of Kedah, Sungai Petani is closer to Penang than to Alor Setar. (The influence of Penang is apparent in that most of the cars on the roads in Sungai Petani bear the Penang registration plate.) In the 1990's it was the second fastest growing town in Malaysia after Johor Bahru, but the pace has somewhat stalled since the recession of the late 90's. According to the 2020 National Census, Sungai Petani is the largest city in Kedah by the population of the local government area.
Perhaps the most famous landmark in Sungai Petani is the Sungai Petani Clock Tower. In the last few years, the town has seen rapid development, both in terms of residential as well as commercial development. In recent years, a number of large shopping malls have opened in Sungai Petani, among them Amanjaya Mall and Village Mall.
There aren't many sightseeing places within Sungai Petani town itself. However, there are several interesting sights within a short distance out of town, including Gunung Jerai, Lembah Bujang, Kuala Muda, Tanjung Dawai, Bukit Hijau and Sungai Sedim, to name a few.
There are a few hotels in Sungai Petani. When asked to suggest where to stay, I would suggest the one where I have stayed before, and have enjoyed my stay there. That one is Cinta Sayang Resort. The resort has its own golf course and also owns The Carnivall water themepark next door.
Places of Interest in the vicinity of Sungai Petani
Bukit Hijau: Recreational forest popular with local picnickers.
Gunung Jerai: Highest peak in Kedah, with panoramic views all around.
Kuala Muda: Local fishing port and village, a good place to buy fresh seafood and watch the fishing boats come to shore.
Lembah Bujang Archaeological Museum: The best known archaeological site in Kedah, with remains of Hindu temples from as early as the 4th century AD.
Lunas: Town near Sungai Petani, popular among the locals for its roasted duck delicacies.
Sungai Sedim: Recreational forest with water sports and elevated canopy walk.
Etymology of Sungai Petani
Until the 1980's, Sungai Petani was spelled as Sungai Patani. Very old documents, for example those from 1928 and earlier, transcribes it as Sungei Pattani. There are several theories as to how the town got its name. The most simplistic explanation is that it derived its name from a river that flows through that area, one Sungai Patani. However, the river itself may have derived its name from Pattani, in southern Thailand. Some scholars believe that there had been a trade route between the Kingdom of Langkasuka, in Pattani, and the Merbok estuary, in Kedah. Misguided language purists changed the spelling of the town from Sungai Patani to Sungai Petani. In the attempt to pin the town name with a meaningful word - to them, at least - they have distorted the toponym of the town.
When I met with Sungai Petani-born historian, Dato V. Nadarajan (on 11 August 2015), he told me that the town had existed since ancient times, and was most likely named after Pattani. This is seconded by the Sungai Petani Municipal Council1, which states that the name came from the Sanskrit Pathini, which means "pure woman", which refers to a title given to a Merong Mahawangsa princess in the pre-Islamic era. Over time, it evolved to Patani before eventually transitioning to Petani, which means farmer in Malay.
The river flowing through the town is called Sungai Petani, but was originally known as Sungai Bertanding. A tributary of Sungai Merbok, it was renamed considering it is the main river flowing through the town.
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